Photo Manipulation and Ethics

1) Some main points regarding manipulation of images are: there's a thin line between portraying the truth and presenting the picture as best as possible, now "fixing" an image is easy and doesn't take too much time, photoshopping techniques have increased product sales, the ethics of manipulating photos are an issue in the industry today, it's important for photojournalists to report what they see how they see it, manipulating images has been occurring since the 1800s, and photojournalism ethics are constantly changing.
2) The philosophy of newspapers such as the New York Times and the Washington Post regarding manipulation is: no colors can be changed from the original picture, and photographers have to turn in all of their proofs as well as their final photograph in order for their photographs to be used.
3) I think some things that you can do while not crossing the line into an unethical manipulation are: cropping the image, and slightly enlarging things or making them smaller. Otherwise, I feel that the photo doesn't accurately portray what actually happened/was going on.
4)

I think this photo was the most unethical because they changed the lighting and the colors of the photograph completely. They changed the lighting to make him look more menacing which means that they're not portraying what actually happened.

I think this photo was the least unethical because they only changed something minor. They only fixed her teeth to make her look prettier.